Essay on The Pardoners Tale of Chaucers The Canterbury...

The Pardoners Tale of Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is a structured novel which starts with the narrator obtaining twenty traveling companions at an inn. They are all traveling to Canterbury to pay homage to a saint. On their way, these colorful individuals decide to make the trip more bearable by having a story telling contest. Each will tell one story on the way to Canterbury, and one story on the way back. The winner will be decided by the inns host, who is accompanying them. Unfortunately, it seems Chaucer never got to finish the novel so there is only one story from each character. However, he does a wonderful job at depicting a lively picture with each description of the characters†¦show more content†¦Chaucer also continues to state that the pardoner has a voice like a goats and bulging eyeballs. The description of his physical appearance reveals a somewhat grotesque nature. Chaucer goes on to talk about the pardoners job and also mentions that he owns relics of saints, such as th e Virgin Marys veil, with which he earns a large amount of money. Obviously, these relics are not real so it can be easily concluded that the pardoner is a fraud, and has become rich at the expense of poor peoples ignorance and gullibility. He also earns money by preaching to the congregation. By the end of the description one gets the sense that he is the epitome of a corrupt church official. The knight, who tells a romantic story of wars and knights, begins the story telling and then each person tells a different tale. After a particularly sad and unjust story told by the physician, the host asks the pardoner to tell some gay stories or jokes immediately. The pardoner responds by saying that he will tell a story with a moral, once he has had a drink and has eaten. Meanwhile, he begins talking about his job as a pardoner. When he first gets to a town, he shows the inhabitants his bishops seal, so no one will be disrespectful. Then he proceeds to show the townspeople his relics and his various cures for cattle sickness, jealousy, and even a way to increase grain production. HeShow MoreRelated Essay on Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Evil Exposed in The Pardoners Tale1093 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pardoners Tale    The root of all evil is money.   Because this phrase has been repeated so many times throughout history, one can fail to realize the truth in this timeless statement.   Whether applied to the corrupt clergy of Geoffrey Chaucers time, selling indulgences, or the corrupt televangelists of today, auctioning off salvation to those who can afford it, this truth never seems to lose its validity.   In Chaucers famous work The Canterbury Tales, heRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing Dishonesty in The Physicians and Pardoners Tales2137 Words   |  9 PagesDishonesty and Hypocrisy in The Physicians and Pardoners Tales      Ã‚   Chaucer presents characters in the Physicians and Pardoners Tales who are very similar to each other in one important way. Although the characters seem on the surface to be mirror images of each other, they have an important underlying similarity: both the physician and the pardoner are not what they appear to be to most people. Both are hypocritical, although they show this hypocrisy in different ways.    OneRead MoreEssay on The Pardoner’s Tale vs. The Chaucer’s Prologue619 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer introduces numerous characters in the prologue of The Canterbury Tales; each character possessing a distinct personality and lifestyle. Chaucer gives insight into the lives of the characters on their pilgrimage to Canterbury. The Pardoner unfurls his thoughts and feelings giving us extended insight into his own character, by providing us with a tale of his own. In doing so, he contrasts other pious figures who are introduced in the prologue, with character traits consisting of anRead MoreThe Pardoners Prologue And Tale By Chaucer Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale† is important because it demonstrates how someone with power can influence less intelligent and poor people for financial gain, which was relevant in society during the Middle Ages. In Chaucer’s story, the Pardoner uses his influence and tells a tale of three men to convince the people to pay for him to pardon their sins. Chaucer’s tale and story is often used to emphasize the moral values in our society. There are many points in the tale that areRead More Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay629 Words   |  3 Pagesthe author of a story and the story that he writes, whether intentional or not. In Geoffrey Chaucers story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters on the pilgrimage make this statement evident with the tales that they tell. Such a distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the Prologue to the Pardoners tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traitsRead MoreHypocrisy Revealed in Canterbury Tales891 Words   |  4 PagesIn Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales he reveals an underlying flaw in society. Chaucer portrays the Pardoner as hypocritical in order to get his message across to readers. The Pardoner is shown to be the exact definition of a hypocrite by preaching to others to lead a spiritual life, while not living by those preachings himself. In Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals hypocritical qualities in the Pardoner through vivid characterization, tone, and morality. In the Pardoners prologue, ChaucerRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer View and Change on Judgement968 Words   |  4 Pagessocial aspects during the 1300s which included the church, gender differences, and hypocrisy. He wrote about these problems in a set of tales widely known as The Canterbury Tales. The first is The General Prologue which describes a pilgrimage to Canterbury that many people endure, but on this specific journey, twenty-nine different people travel together to Canterbury. He uses two types of satire to relinquish these opinions, juvenile and horacian. A general definition of satire is saying one thingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 1594 Words   |  7 PagesAmanda O’Donnell Mrs. Joines English IV Honors 4 November 2014 Money and Greed: In Today’s Society and Canterbury Tales Money? Greed? A lot of people have some money at least. The everyday person doesn’t have all the money they want. Greed, by definition is an excessive or rapacious desire, especially for wealth or possession. At some point in time, there is always something someone is greedy for; it usually is money (let’s be honest, that’s the one thing people want the most.) People in today’sRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale805 Words   |  4 PagesPardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale    Irony is the general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting,or amusing contradictions. 1   Two stories that serve as excellent demonstrations of irony are The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale, both from Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. Although these two stories are very different, they both use irony to teach a lesson.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of the stories, The Pardoners Tale displaysRead MoreEssay about Relationships in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales520 Words   |  3 Pagescan also be found in stories about a husband and wife. In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales many of the characters make this idea apparent with the stories they tell. In â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale†, a distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and his tale of three friends. Also, the Wife in â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† boldly declares her relationship towards her husband. Throughout â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale†, the main character teaches about greed, gambling, desecration, and

Compare and Contrast Palace of Fine Arts and University of Virginia Free Essays

string(115) " classical columns that are normally fluted with capitals that are flowery Corinthian or Ionic \( Hopkins 199 \) \." Compare and Contrast: Palace of Fine Arts and University of Virginia This essay paper is a comparative analysis of two architectural constructions, the Palace of Fine Arts and the University of Virginia. The designer behind the building of the University is Thomas Jefferson. In constructing the building, Thomas Jefferson used bricks extensively, as for the periodic manner, he used Neo-Classical. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast: Palace of Fine Arts and University of Virginia or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other manus, the architectural design of the Palace was done by Bernard Maybeck. The manner that Maybeck used in building the edifice is known as Beaux-Arts. As for the stuffs, the old building was built utilizing steel constructions and plaster as it was meant to be impermanent. The edifices portion an architectural subject in that they are both inspired by Roman architecture. The aim of this research is hence to larn how two different manners interpret from the same beginning of influence. Ocular Analysis Structure One The construction of the Palace is erected on a site that has a little semisynthetic laguna. The castle has a broad arbor that measures 340 m ( 1,100 foot ) . The formation of the arbor is an arch and it has a broad paseo that is framed by Corinthian columns placed in rows. In the center of the arbor is a rotunda that is centrally placed by the laguna ( Yu n.p ) . The purpose of the laguna was to those found in classical Europe. The unreal H2O organic structure was supposed to move as a brooding surface to mirror the brilliant construction and make a bird’s-eye position that would be appreciated from a distance. In constructing the Palace of Fine Arts, Maybeck’s purpose was to make the visual aspect of Roman ruins in decay. Structure Two The University’s architectural construction is a brilliant edifice that resembles the neoclassical temples of Europe. The building features a Pantheon that measures two-thirds of the graduated table ( Kostof 625 ) . The pantheon is set at the caput of a lifting promenade with interrelated columnar marquees on the wings. In its planning, the library was housed by the Rotunda while the marquees were the life quarters for lectors every bit good as talk suites. Each marquee offers an separately alone representation of the classical Roman order design ( Kostof 625 ) . Stylistic Analysis Structure One The architectural manner that the Palace was built with is an look of the architectural neoclassical manner that was taught in Paris at theEcole diethylstilbestrols Beaux-Arts. Until the twelvemonth 1968, the direction manner of Beaux-Arts went on without any major breaks ( Middleton 10 ) . In the period between the old ages 1880 and 1920, the architecture in the United States was to a great extent influenced by the architectural manner of Beaux-Arts. The period between 1860 and 1914 saw the gravity of European designers who were non-French towards the academic centres of their natural states alternatively of being fixated on Paris ( Klein, Fogle, and Wolcott 38 ) . The mainstream forms of the Imperial Roman architecture were extremely emphasized by the preparation used for Beaux-Arts. These forms ranged from the period of the first emperor Augustus to those of the Severan dynasty, Italian Renaissance every bit good as Italian and Gallic Baroque. However, the preparation was applicab le on a wider series of theoretical accounts. Architects from America who learned the manner of Beaux-Arts were more inclined towards the Greek theoretical accounts. This was because of the 19Thursdaycentury American Greek Revival which gave the theoretical accounts historical prominence locally. The Beaux-Arts manner was dependent upon sculptural ornaments that were cautiously modern. It employed the usage of Italian and Gallic Baroque every bit good as Rococo designs assorted with pragmatism and impressionistic coating. Even though there was an attack of a renew spirit embodied in the manner of Beaux-Arts as opposed to a set of motives, the architectural manner included chief features such as: a level roof, symmetricalness, arched Windowss, elusive polychromy, arched pedimented doors, rusticated base with a raised first narrative and statuaries, mosaics, wall paintings, sculptures every bit good as other graphics combined in a subject that portrays the building’s individuality ( Klein, Fogle, and Wolcott 38 ) . The style’s classical architectural inside informations include acroteria, cartouches, Garlands, pilasters, bannisters, every bit good as an outstanding show of clasps with rich inside informations, back uping consoles and brackets ( Klein, Fogle, and W olcott 38 ) . There has been controversy every bit far as the Palace in relation to the Beaux-Art manner is concerned. The Palace was loved by the people but non given acknowledgment by the designers. Maybeck’s preparation was in conformity with the Gallic academic system but it is argued that his work is non suiting of the American Beaux-Arts architect’s ideals. This is because he restrained from adding design elements from his old plants. The Palace therefore was non able to be compared to any originals of European architecture ( Yu n.p ) . However, the Palace still bears features of the Beaux-Arts manner from its rusticated base, arches every bit good as its classical architectural inside informations like sculptures, pilasters and wall paintings. Structure Two The University’s architectural manner is defined by Neo-classical architecture. The manner was born of the mid 1800s neoclassical motion ( Hopkins 199 ) . The manner came approximately both as an branch of some Late Baroque features every bit good as a response against the Rococo manner that featured realistic adornment. The signifier of the architectural manner lies in the accent of the wall as opposed to chiaroscuro. It besides sustains separate individualities to each single portion ( Hopkins 199 ) . This architectural manner is picturesque and redolent and its frame is in line with the Romantic emotional response. Rationally the sense of neo-classism was to return to renaissance classism, Greek and Roman humanistic disciplines which were perceived as pure. The neoclassical architectural manner is characterized by a expansive portico with a porch built in full tallness. To add on, the portico’s roof is supported by full classical columns that are normally fluted with capitals that are flowery Corinthian or Ionic ( Hopkins 199 ) . You read "Compare and Contrast: Palace of Fine Arts and University of Virginia" in category "Essay examples" The manner is besides symmetrical in footings of balance ; it has a centralized entry with a balanced agreement of Windowss on its wings. The neoclassical manner characteristics subtypes that are varied in roofing manner of the portico, breadth every bit good as tallness. Portico with level and curving roofs are seldom seen. Other specifying characteristics of the manner include elegant clean lines, orderly visual aspect and monolithic edifice size. The chief signifier that the neoclassical manner is based upon is the temple ( Hopkins 199 ) . The temple represented the purest signifier of classica l architecture and this was an ideal construct of the manner. In planing the construction of the university, Jefferson blended assorted architectural manners. The edifice evokes the rules of European architecture of the Gallic, Grecian and Italian influence and is blended with the Chinese touch as good ( Jefferson and The Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . The blend of architectural influences is finally cast in edifice stuffs from America and showcased in an academic community. In an attempt to intermix the classicist manner even further, Jefferson used different stuffs from different countries. For case, the 3rd Pavilion was constructed with columns made from Italy and transported under the pretense of educational stuffs to the site, whereas the columns on the first marquee were made in Charlottesville ( Howard and Straus 189 ) . Jefferson pieced together the European architectural manners on the construction and blended them to his ain liking in an attempt to do it hold a alone American visual aspect ( Jefferson and The Politicss of Architect ure n.p ) . The characteristics of the university that are characterized with the neoclassical architectural manner are chiefly the columns, the building’s portico, and particularly the temple like design of the construction which is portion of the manners ideal. Cultural ( Historical ) Context Structure One The Palace of Fine Arts was built as one of the brilliant buildings of San Francisco’s Panama Pacific International Exposition in 1915 ( Kale n.p ) . It was located towards the center of the expansive building of the expounding and it stood out as the most inspiring construction at the carnival. The Fair was in award of the Pacific Ocean’s find every bit good as the Panama Canal’s completion ( Maybeck and Elder 2 ) . There was besides an added intent to the Fair which was in jubilation of its ain rejoinder after the annihilating fire and temblor of 1906 ( The Palace of Fine Arts n.p ) . Once the site had been chosen and the basis had been developed, the Palace was the last construction to be erected. In representation of its civilization, the construction of the Palace was built to demo magnificence. This was done by puting the arch’s centre behind the rotunda to avoid their homocentric alliance in rings. Due to that, a wider arch was able to be built on t he same infinite ( Yu n.p ) . In its programs were a colonnade and a rotunda which amazed the commissioners and fulfilled Maybeck’s dream. The exhibition hall of the castle was built to house the graphicss of life creative person ( Maybeck and Elder 3 ) . Another component that shows significance to the civilization and events associated with the castle is its visual aspect. The castle looks like ruins of classical antiquities. Bing hailed as the exposition’s most reliable design, Maybeck added the elements of Roman and Greek antiquity and besides incorporated his ain creativeness to do the edifice unique ( Maybeck and Elder 5 ) . His thought was influenced by the construction was from Piranesi scratching of Roman ruin ( Yu n.p ) . His ideas were that there was a feeling of unhappiness to the edifice personalized by the sense that there is a soothing influence to beauty ( Yu n.p ) . The initial building of the castle was impermanent and non intended to last after the Fair was concluded chiefly because it was built on valuable land ( Maybeck and Elder 2 ) . With that impression in head, it was simply constructed with plaster which was supported by constructions of steel ( Yu n.p ) . The castle was nevertheless non brought down as a consequence of its influence on the people. In a saving of the civilization and influence of the castle, the destruction and rebuilding was set in gesture in 1964 ( The Palace of Fine Arts n.p ) . The columns and the rotunda were brought down and the edifice was rebuilt on a lasting footing with a steel construction merely as the initial building. The Reconstruction of the palace’s edifices was done utilizing lasting light weight concrete that was poured into topographic point. For the rotunda’s dome, steel I-beams were hoisted into topographic point ( The Palace of Fine Arts n.p ) . The sculptures and all the ornament we re freshly constructed by pouring concrete onto pre-casts of the figures so as to guarantee that the eventual consequence matched the original theoretical accounts. Structure Two Unlike the Palace of Fine Arts, the University of Virginia’s construction was non portion of a monolithic undertaking but instead a undertaking on its ain. The edifice hails as the country’s foremost province university ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . The building of the university edifice was non merely a general design but a design drawn by an architect full of the belief that the bosom of the American class lied within architecture. He considered a edifice as more than merely a wall construction but a symbol for the American political orientation ( Howard and Straus 187 ) . Jefferson besides perceived building as a procedure that was equal to making a state. Harmonizing to him, any American architecture was supposed to exemplify the split of cultural and political ties with Europe ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . He therefore went forth to put the criterions of the country’s architecture aesthetically every bit good a s politically. Jefferson hence went on to transfuse his educational and cultural ideals into the design and building of the University’s edifice. In a representation of the European culture’s influence, the visual aspect of the edifice is rather classical as a consequence of Jefferson’s influence from St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . The similitude of the Basilica and the rotunda lies in their attack. The manner that leads to the Rotunda goes down towards a shaded transition lined with columns that leads to the chief focal point of the construction. Jefferson substituted the great rock Piazza with the broad natural infinite of the lawn ( Howard and Straus 189 ) . Alternatively of a position of the Italian metropolis of Rome, the university’s visitants are given a natural impressiveness of the Blue Ridge Mountains which can be viewed to the South ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . The university uses classical vocabulary to stand for America as the heir of European architecture manner. The aggregations of manners that are incorporated on the Lawn of the university are symbolic of the New World Order by Jefferson in both an architectural and rational sense ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . In planing the edifice, the European imposts have been revised, borrowed, integrated and so redone in an American manner in footings of stuffs, gustatory sensations and demands ( Howard and Straus 189 ) . The conundrums within the architecture do non halt with the random aggregation of manners but goes beyond. It really extends onto the Lawn’s layout. Jefferson’s version of classical manners incorporates the mixture of architecture of the Italian Villa, together with Doric columns and Corinthian pediments every bit good as Chinese Latticework and Gallic curves ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . He represented them in painte d wood and the ruddy brick of Virginia and eventually put them across the Lawn’s unfastened public infinite in contrast with each other. The Lawn’s physical infinite is therefore transformed into a vision of rational Inquisition and wonder ( Howard and Straus 189 ) . In constructing the university, Jefferson speaks through classical architecture and thoughts. Each of the structure’s marquees is in ocular communicating with the other ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . This consequence presents the bookmans and pupils on the Lawn with a argument from a structural every bit good as ideological position that culminates from the designer every bit good as the architecture. Another point that is portrayed by the cultural influence of the university’s construction is apparent from the Rotunda which is symbolic of power. Unlike the Basilica, Jefferson’s version is a secular cathedral which was built in testimonial to knowledge and power with a new universe order in head. The designs done by Jefferson are bordered on the simple facets of the neoclassic manner as opposed to the elaborate decorations of the cathedral by Bramante or the swerving colonnades by Michelangelo ( Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture n.p ) . The Rotunda is non symbolic to the ruins of the Roman Empire but instead accentuates the wonder of nature touching to the synchronism adult male and nature that is at manus in the university’s architectural stuff and its pure geometrical design ( Howard and Straus 190 ) . Decision The two constructions of the castle and the university are rather alone and do non associate in several facets. The two edifices are made by different designers, have different period manners and are varied in footings of their historical events as good. However, despite all these major differences, their manners are influenced from the same beginning which is the classical Roman architecture. The differences are marked by the single thoughts and constructs of the designers designs and their intent of intermixing them with the civilization and historical events during their times of building. However, beyond the differences are cardinal elements that are synonymous with the classical Roman architecture such as the classical architectural inside informations like the pilasters, sculptures and wall paintings on the castle and the Rotunda, columns and the temple like designs of the university. Conclusively even though the constructions are variously alone, these noteworthy elements from the classical Roman architecture are declarative of the inspiration behind the edifice of the constructions and how they are able to attest otherwise. Plants Cited Hopkins, George.Making Your Architectural Manner. Pelican Publishing, 2010. Howard, Hugh, and Roger Straus.Thomas Jefferson, Architect: The Built Legacy of Our Third President. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2003. Print. â€Å"Jefferson and the Politicss of Architecture† . Virginia. 2015. Available at: A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/jeff/jeffarch.html A ; gt ; Kale, Shelly. â€Å"Overview: What Was the PPIE† . PPIE 100. 2015. Available at: A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ppie100.org/history/ A ; gt ; Maybeck, Bernard R, and Paul Elder.Palace of Fine Arts and Lagoon: Panama-pacific International Exposition, 1915. San Francisco: P. Elder and Co, 1915. Print. Middleton, Robin.The Beaux-Arts: And Nineteenth-Century French Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson, 1982. Print. Klein, Marilyn W, David P. Fogle, and Wolcott B. Etienne.Hints to American Architecture. Washington, District of columbia: Starrhill Press, 1986. Print. Kostof, Spiro.A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Print. â€Å"The Palace of Fine Humanistic disciplines† . Exploratorium. 1998. Available at: A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.exploratorium.edu/history/palace/index.html A ; gt ; Yu, James. â€Å"Palace of Fine Humanistic disciplines† . UMD. 2015. Available at: A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //digital.lib.umd.edu/worldsfairs/record? pid=umd:1006 A ; gt ; How to cite Compare and Contrast: Palace of Fine Arts and University of Virginia, Essay examples

Reflective Journal Change Management - Free Assignment Sample

Question: Develop and produce a Reflective Portfolio for yourself. In the course of preparing the materials for this portfolio you will work with other members of your learning set but the final assignment which is submitted must be entirely your own work. This process will require you to synthesise and build upon much of the information and many of the activities within the module. You will need to critically reflect upon the module and your learning. This assignment will require a high level of reflective, critical and creative thinking and input Start working on this assignment from day one of the module. One of the assessment criteria that we shall be using is based around how much you have developed you thinking and understanding during the module. The portfolio is built up from a variety of different materials: A critical reflection of your groups Literature Review process and presentation. Discussion and reflection of Seminar/Case Study activities. Discussion and reflection of your s ignificant learning themes. Application and integration of your learning - how can you apply and integrate this learning? Apart from the above, what you put in the portfolio is up to you, but do remember that you need to demonstrate achievement of the assessment criteria. You must ensure that your work contains reference to appropriate theories and produces evidence of critical thinking and reflection on your learning and development. Your work must be free standing and self-explanatory to the marking tutor. Experience is the child of Thought and Thought is the child of Action. We cannot learn men from books alone Disraeli. This activity allows individuals to take a step back from learning experiences and create inferences about it in order to more fully understand its significance and meaning. By pondering about the learning and development going on, reflection uncovers insight and learning themes, connects your learning and performance, and yields more relevant feedback. We all i ndulge in this process already, but generally at an unconscious or semi-conscious level. Many organisations and businesses do it, keen to improve their products by reflecting upon the experiences of their customers.and keen to improve their internal (production) processes by encouraging all employees to reflect upon how they do their jobs and thus how their jobs can be improved! In the same vein, all top sports people have to indulge in some sort of reflection upon their performance.in order to learn how to improve. If they dont do this, they will not be at the top of their chosen sport for very long! Practice is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for learning: there are many examples of people repeating mistakes over and over again - we never learn from our mistakes alone, we only learn from reflecting upon our mistakes.and quite often the learning gained from our mistakes can be far more powerful and meaningful than learning from success. In order to capitalise on seminar /lecture experiences as learning/development opportunities and to maximise any possible gain, it is necessary to take some time to consider and reflect on what happened in the event and turn those seminar/lecture experiences into learning/development. Kolb (1984) suggested that people learn more effectively by reviewing each occasion in which learning may take place. Schon (1987) used the phrase reflection-in-action. Reflection is a key element in the learning process. It converts informal and perhaps accidental opportunities into efficient learning. It is a flexible method, which recognises that learning development is a personal and individual process. There are a variety of models and frameworks to help explain, facilitate and capture reflective learning (Kolbs Learning Cycle, Honey Mumfords Learning Styles). Some Reflection Prompts. Have any intriguing ideas emerged from your seminar discussions? What ideas (from lectures, work experience, other related modules.?) stand out in your mind as being particularly important/useful? How do these ideas relate to other similar ideas you have come across? How can you use these ideas in the future? Can you relate some of these ideas to the world of work? What made it easy or difficult for you to learn? What does that say about how you prefer to learn? Are any general themes emerging? What actions do you plan to take based on what you learned? Review the above list of reflection questions for each seminar/lecture and choose a few to prompt your thinking rather than the entire list. Do not be afraid to use drawings, diagrams, metaphors..to push beyond a mere surface evaluation or chronological description of what you did. Rather than what you did, we want to read about the impact it has had on your understanding, learning and development. You are not expected to summarise and cover every lecture or seminar! One approach may be to pursue and explore three or four themes from the module, which may incorporate a mix of lectures or seminars or both? Answer: Introduction While I was studying various theories, I learned different things. I felt that certain theories are right but I didnt feel the same for all the theories. I tried to understand all the theories from my point of view. This helped me to understand the human tendency. I read a lot of critics about each of the theory. This helped to understand the different viewpoints of different authors. It is very important for the management of every organization to understand at least few basic theories. Understanding the few theories will help the management to understand the viewpoint of the employees (Higgins 2012). Theories and their viewpoints Maslows hierarchy of needs All the three theories have a different point of view. While learning these theories, I was thinking like if these things can be really implemented in our lives. Maslows hierarchy of needs states that each individual should grow step by step so that they can achieve the ultimate goal of self-actualization in life. According to me, this theory doesnt seem to be real because this talks about people when they are associated with an organization. Most of the people are born with access to physiological needs and hence, there are very high possibilities that even if they the employees gives them access to food, clothing and shelter then they may not feel anything great about it (Kenneth 2012). Secondly, the theory states that the management of the organization should be capable enough to understand the current situation of the employees so that they can be appreciated and rewarded accordingly. In large organizations, more than ten thousand employees work on the same floor so in this situation, it is difficult for the HR professionals to understand the requirement of each individual. Apart from that, most of the employees believe in keeping their personal life different than that of the professional life and hence, during the appraisal interview, the manager or the HR resource will not be able to understand the current situation of the employee (Derobek 2007). Today, employees start to look for self-esteem and respect in the organization at a very young age and they are not really willing to wait to reach the stage three. May the theory is outdated and I also felt that there are certain things which a person would like to achieve before he achieves other things (Ford 2009). Lewin (1947) and Schein (1988) Implementing change in the organization is one of the most difficult things and it is merely impossible for the management to implement change immediately. It is the responsibility of the management to understand the changes that will be implemented, the impact of the various changes and also the reason for change. (Decker 2012). To start with, I use make a note of all the positive things that can happen to me if I implement a change in my life. This will motivate me to implement the change rather than that of sticking to the current lifestyle (Euchner 2013). Senge (1990) Systems approach Senges system approach talks about the various qualities that a leader must have so that they can ensure that their team performs. Few of the qualities are must to have but few of the qualities are difficult to have. It is very important for the leader to understand the expectations that their team has. Understanding the expectations would mean that they have a shared vision. This theory states that the mental model of a team member needs to be changed so that the leader can be successful. It is merely impossible for a leader to change all the individuals in the team. If an organization wants their leader to change the attitude of the team members then it would be difficult for an organization to find an appropriate leader (Siemens n.d). This theory states that it is very important for a leader to have an understanding about the self. I want to be a leader in the future and hence, I have decided to understand myself better. I make a note of my various habits so this helps to analyze myself (Pace n.d.). This analysis will help me in the near future. I have a very bad temper and I have realized this fact after I started to analyze myself. After my analysis, I have decided to keep a check on my temper. I, as a leader, cannot lose my temper on my team members. After losing my temper, I use to analyze the situation. This helped me to understand that I would have dealt with the situation in a better way rather than that of shouting and scolding on the other person (Zaharia 2010). Example of implementation of change HCA hospital decided to implement change in the hospital. Today, they are known for the world class services that provide to the customers. Intensive care unit was planning to increase the number of beds and they implemented the Lewin and Scheins model of change so that change can be implemented successfully in the organization. The employees were communicated that the number of bed in the ICU will be increased so the management spoke to the employees regarding the benefits that the hospital can get. On the other end, the management also elaborated to the employees regarding the loss that the hospital is making due to the limited availability of beds in the hospital. The bed started to initiate the change by way of slowly and steadily so that the employees can cope with the increasing work pressure. On the other end, the employees were trained so that they can deal with the new facilities that are being implemented in the hospital along with the increasing number of beds. Lastly, the number of beds was freeze and the employees got used to the number of beds (Environmental Leader 2012). It was merely impossible for HCA hospital to implement Maslows hierarchy of needs because the management was not able to decide on the level of each of the employee. If an employee is given cash reward and another employee is given something else then this created to start a sense of restlessness in the organization. It is very important for the organizations to maintain parity so that all the employees are satisfied with the rewards that they are receiving for their achievement (Hashim 2013). HCA hospital was well aware that Senges theory can implemented along with Lewins theory. Most of the leaders are not aware of the things that they want and hence, the management of HCA decided to help the manager to understand themselves, with the help of psychological tests. Initially the managers were skeptical about taking the test but later, they realized that this is going to be beneficial to them and hence, they decided to go ahead with that. HCA hospital was able to identify the leaders in the organization who will be able to help them in implementation of change. This was one of the reasons due to which the change was successfully implemented. After the implementation of Senges theory on change, Lewins theory of change was implemented (Nolan 2012). Resistance to change Resistance to change cannot be avoided at any cost. It is the responsibility of the management to understand the various reasons behind resistance so that they can accommodate the change accordingly. Change can make people uncomfortable and hence, they resist to change rather than that of accepting it. Employees also believe that if they resist to a change in a group then there are very high chances that the change will not be implemented in the organization. This is true to some extend but this cannot be considered to be true in all the cases. Organizations also force the employees to accept change rather than that of understanding the reason behind the resistance to change (Garland 2011). Depositional resistance Depositional resistance to change is one of the biggest problems that many organizations face. I somewhere believe that depositional change is something that cannot be avoided ((Sabri 2007). Even if the position of the furniture needs to be changed then few of the family members may not be willing to accept that. This is the case with change in the organization. Humans have a natural tendency and hence, they will not accept the change that will be implemented in the organization. I think a plenty of unexpected events may happen when the change is implemented in the organization and nobody likes surprise randomly (Forbes 2013). Looking at myself, I can feel that change is not something that is overwhelming. If all of a sudden, if the teachers state that the marking pattern is changed then each one of the student in the classroom will feel nervous rather than that of feeling excited or happy about it (Mindtools n.d.). The depth of intervention Depth of intervention is one of the best ways by which the employees in the organization can be motivated to accept the change that the management is planning to implement. The management should train and educate the employees regarding the importance of depth of intervention so that change can be accepted. I believe most of the employees may not be willing to accept change and hence, they will not put in efforts to understand the importance of change. The management should elaborate on the various aspects that will be impacted due to the change that will be implemented in the organization (Khanna 2010). I personally believe that the performance appraisal system in the organization should be directly linked to the mission, goals and objectives of the organization. Every employee in the organization should be made aware if the mission, goals and objectives and they should be clearly communicated that their performance appraisal will be based on the contribution that they do to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. Similarly when change is implemented, the manager should communicate regarding the benefits of change and the ease with which the employees can achieve the organizations mission. This will motivate the employee to accept change rather than that of being resistant (Hashim 2013). To improve the depth of the intervention, the manager will have to improve their relationship with their team members. The team members will not be able to understand the problems that the managers may be facing so the managers can communicate with the team members. This helped me to understand that communicating the problem is one of the problem is one of the best ways by which ones situation can be expressed to the other (Khanna 2010). Cognitive dissonance This theory is so true because I, myself, have experienced many times that if my belief about a particular thing is not right then I feel very disturbed. If change is implemented in the organization, people feel disturbed because of the trust and belief that they had on the previous process. The employees feel that when something is good then why it needs to be changed (Luthans 2007). The management will have to slowly explain to the employees that there are various reasons due to which change is implemented. New employees will be able to understand the benefits of new process. If an employee has developed all the policies and processes in the organization then one cannot expect them to change immediately with any disagreement. Any human being has the natural tendency to believe that they can find better solutions to a problem than that of anyone else (Padue 2014). Elder people would have practiced a particular thing for a longer time and hence, it would be difficult for them to accept the change that is implemented in the organization. This is one of the typical examples that anyone can see when they talk about cognitive dissonance (Logie-Maclver 2012). The psychological contract This theory states that there is a mutual agreement between the employer and the employee. The employee may expect the employer to provide them with all the required salary, benefits and perks and on the other end, the employer will expect that the employee should put their 100% efforts for the betterment of the company (Kuze 2013). It is a mutual relationship wherein both the parties will try their level best to gain benefits. If this mutual relationship is understood by the employee and the employer then they can do justice to each other and also to the other organization (Pierssens 2012). The employer as well as the employee should be educated so that they can do their justice to this relationship. The employer should ensure that the employees are getting paid fairly for the job that they are paying and the employees should ensure that they are putting in 100% efforts for the betterment of the organization (Linstead 2012). Example of resistance to change Microsoft has experienced resistance to change and this is one of the reasons due to which other competitors moved ahead of Microsoft. Microsoft was initially into producing computers. At some point of time, Bill Gates realized that the organization will have to move in other direction so that they can be competitive in the market. This didnt go well with the employees in the organization, especially the research and development team. They were not comfortable to undertake research on various areas. This kind of resistance to change can be defined as Dispositional resistance wherein the research and development team of Microsoft was not aware of the result that they can derive at when they are implementing change. The team was not comfortable with the change and hence, without much thought they are resisting to change. It is the responsibility of the management of Microsoft to ensure that the employees are convinced that the change will be beneficial to the organization as a whole and the management can also take extra efforts to highlight the problems that may arise if change is not implemented in the organization (Elangovan 2010). The psychological contract is well understood by the management of Apple and hence, they are able to motivate the employees. The employees believe that they should be paid fairly for the work that they are doing and this is well taken care by the management of Apple. Apple ensures that all the employees in the organization are paid fairly and at the same time, their growth in the organization is also planned. This motivates them to overcome the psychological contract that they have. They start to believe that the management of Apple will do their best for them. Overall, it can be said that psychological contract is well understood by the management of Apple and hence, resistance to change is reduced in the organization (Tang 2013). The depth of intervention was positively used at Apple. All the employees in the organization are motivated to give suggestions so that the organization can grow better. This motivates the employees to be actively involved in the implementation of change process. The employees are motivated to think of the advantages that the organization can gain due to the implementation of change. Employees are paid incentives on successful achievement of goals so they are well aware of the fact that they will gain if the organization is gaining (Hausegger 2012). Cognitive dissonance is faced by Samsung. Most of the employees in the organization believed the organization is into manufacturing of electronic products so they will continue to do that. Most of the employees wanted to pursue a career in electronic industry only but when the organization moved few of the employees to mobile department, the employees were not happy. The management tried to explain to the employees that they will have good growth in the mobile industry as in the electronics industry but nothing worked and hence, the employees were demotivated. Finally, Samsung had to hire a lot of external resources rather than that of internal transfer from electronics department to mobile department (Watson 2012,). Change management at McDonalds McDonalds is seen as an organization that is implementing change continuously so that they can improve and get better than what they are today. The employees in the organization are well trained so that they can accept the change and work as per the requirement. Few of the changes that were done at McDonalds and also the various strategies that were undertaken are discussed below. The menu card at McDonalds keeps on changing frequently and it is the responsibility of the managers and management to ensure that the employees are motivated to accept change so that the organization can improve further. The research department at McDonalds is continuously under pressure to find something new so that the taste buds of the customers can be satisfied. The research department will talk communicate with the kitchen department so that they can understand the secret recipe and prepare accordingly. The management provides incentives to the kitchen staff and the front-office staff, based on the sales they do. This motivates the kitchen staff to take up recipes that can add value to McDonalds. If the employees arent motivated with incentives then they may think that there is no point in working so hard for the organization and hence, they may not be interested to learn the new recipe (Habhouba 2011). McDonalds uses the psychological contract theory wherein the employer clearly states that if the organization benefits then the benefits will be shared with the employees as well. Incentive is the motivation that keeps going. The primary requirement of every individual is money and hence, this is one of the best ways by which the employees in the organization can be motivated. When an employee reaches a certain level in the organization, they start looking for other benefits like designation and promotion. The sales executive and the kitchen staff at McDonalds are at the initial stage of their career and hence, they expect the organization to pay them good money in terms of salary, incentives and perks. If the financial requirements of these staff are well taken care then they will stay back with the organization rather than that of looking for change. McDonalds has all young employees and this is one of the strengths of the organization. Young employees can adjust themselves to the changing environment. It becomes easy for the management to implement change in the organization (Klein 2012). Young employees in the organization are concerned about their growth in the organization and implementing change in the organization is one of the best ways by which they can grow. The employees know that if they are not willing to accept the change then there are very high chances that they may not grow and hence, the employees at McDonalds believe in accepting the change rather than that of being stagnant (Blomme 2012). Training and counseling are the strategies that are used by the management so that the employees can accept the change and at the same time, this will ensure that the employees in the organization are also able to deliver the results that are expected from them (Kiser 2013). Classroom training is given to employees wherein they are thought theoretical regarding the recipe that they need to implement in the kitchen so that the new recipe can be tasted by the customer. They also understand and accept to the fact that the new recipe can be successfully implemented with practice only. They are also asked to practice the recipe in the laboratory before it is cooked for the customer in the kitchen. This helps the employee to maintain standardization in the food that they are cooking and they also become an expert in the kitchen department (Andersson 2013). Counseling is also one of the strategies undertaken by McDonalds so that they can help the employees understand the importance of change that is implemented timely. The management will conduct weekly meetings so that they can communicate their change plan. This allows the employees to be updated regarding the change. Employees also put in efforts to make suggestions so that the change can be implemented successfully (Sabri 2007). Counseling is done for those employees who believe that change is not the right thing. The managers of those employees are asked to counsel the employees so that the employees can enthusiastically be a part of the change that is implemented. McDonalds strongly believes that all the employees should be a part of change implementation so that the planned change can be successful. If the employees arent in sync with the thoughts and opinions of the management then there are very high possibilities that the implemented change will not be successful (Habhouba 201 1). Level 1 In the past, McDonalds believed in having the same menu in different corners of the world but that is not the case today. The culture of McDonalds is changed and hence, the employees are made to believe that change is the only permanent thing in the organization. Level 2 The employees at McDonalds are trained continuously so that they can adapt themselves to the change in the organization. The employees are divided into teams and each team is given training in a particular area and they are motivated to achieve the goals that are newly set. Level 4 The new responsibilities are finalized and the employees are asked to follow the new procedures. McDonalds declares the old processes as null and void and hence, the employees will continue with the new process. Level 3 The employees in the organization are explained about the advantages that they will get if they are following the new procedures rather than that of sticking to the old ones. The employees are given the confidence to take up new responsibilities with adequate training. Conclusion In large organizations, more than ten thousand employees work on the same floor so in this situation, it is difficult for the HR professionals to understand the requirement of each individual. Looking at myself, I can feel that change is not something that is overwhelming. If all of a sudden, if the teachers state that the marking pattern is changed then each one of the student in the classroom will feel nervous rather than that of feeling excited or happy about it. There are possibilities that the marking pattern has been modified in such a way that the students can gain marks easily or something changes are done for the betterment of students but students will not think about it. References Derobek, C, 2007, Change Management, Federal computer week, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 36 Euchner, J, 2013, Innovation is change management, Research technology management, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 10 Garland, W, 2011, Six sigma project to improve a management of change process, Process Safety Progress, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 18-22 Hashim, M, 2013, Change Management, International journal of academic research in business and social sciences, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 685 Habhouba, D, 2011, Decision-Making Assistance in Engineering-Change Management Process, Systems, Man and cybernetics, pp. 344-349 Padue, S, 2014, BPM for change management: two process diagnosis techniques, Business process management journal, Vol. 20, N0. 2, pp. 247-271 Sabri, E, 2007, Purchase Order Management Best Practices : Process, Technology, and Change Management, Business and economics, pp. 90-128 Andersson, L, 2013, Greening organizational behavior: An introduction to the special issue, Journal of organizational behavior, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 151-155 Blomme, R, 2012, Existentialism and organizational behaviour: How existentialism can contribute to complexity theory and sense-making, Journal of organization change management, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 405-421 Elangovan, A, 2010, Callings and organizational behavior, Journal of vocational behavior, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 428-440 Forbes, 2013, How Technology Has Changed WorkplaceCommunication, Viewed on December 21, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/unify/2013/12/10/how-technology-has-changed-workplace-communication/ Mindtools, Lewins change management model, Viewed on April 30, 2015, https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm Environmental Leader, 2012, Qatar Jets to Fly on Natural Gas, Viewed on April 30, 2015, https://www.environmentalleader.com/2012/10/26/qatar-jets-to-run-on-natural-gas/ Pace, Fuel Think Tank, Viewed on April 30, 2015, https://www.pace.de/industries/flight-operations/fuel-think-tank.html Zaharia, C, 2010, Rationality and organizational behavior, Economics, Management and financial markets, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 266 Siemens, Environmental control systems, Viewed on April 30, 2015, https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/fr_be/products/lms/imagine-lab/aerospace/environmental-control-systems.shtml Decker, P, 2012, Predicting implementation failure in organization change, Journal of organizational culture, communications and conflict, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 39 Ford, M, 2009, Size, structure and change implementation: An empirical comparison of small and large organizations, Management research News, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 303-320 Higgins, M, 2012, Implementation teams: A new lever for organizational change, Journal of organizational behavior, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 366-388 Kenneth, K, 2012, Effective change implementation, CMA Magazine, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 9 Khanna, H, 2010, ISO 9000 implementation in Indian manufacturing organizations, Global business and management research: An international Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 337 Kiser, E, 2013, Comment: Evaluating Qualitative Methodologies, Sociological methodology, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 151-158 Klein, K, 2012, The Challenge of Innovation Implementation, The academy of management Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 1055-1080 Logie-Maclver, L, 2012, Using qualitative methodologies to understand behaviour change, Qualitative market research: An international Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 70-86 Pierssens, M, 2012, Downsizing, Substance: A Review of Theory Literacy Criticism, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 53-56 Kuze, F, 2013, Age, resistance to change, and job performance, Journal of managerial psychology, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 741-760 Linstead, S, 2012, Resistance and Return: Power, Command and Change Management, Studies in Culture, Organizations and societies, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 67-89 Tang, R, 2013, Change management, Australian Pharmacist, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 46-49 Hausegger, V, 2012, Change management, Stomatologie, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. a8-a9 Watson, T, 2012, Change management, Management services, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 9 Hashim, M, 2013, Change management, International Journal of Academic research in business and social sciences, Vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 685-694 Nolan, S, 2012, Change management, Strategic HR Review, Vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 251

Strategies of Containment ( John Lewis Gaddis ) free essay sample

Critical review of 1982 work on origins evolution of containment of Soviet Union from WWII through 1970s. Military planning, Cold War ideology, leadership, geopolitics and detente. The doctrine of containment of the Soviet Union, first set forth in detail in a celebrated article by George Kennan in the late 1940s, was the essential strategy of the United States during the Cold War era. In its most essential terms, containment as a doctrine argued that an ultimate confrontation with the Soviet Union was neither inevitable nor necessary; that if the United States and its allies could hold their ground and buy time, that would in the end be sufficient. Events, indeed, have borne out Kennans argument. Well into the 1980s, the Cold War still appeared as though it might persist indefinitely. But from 1985 on, the Soviet system collapsed from its own internal tensions, nearly bloodlessly and indeed all but effortlessly. A final confrontation did indeed prove unnecessary; containment succeed in its objectives, albeit after. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies of Containment ( John Lewis Gaddis ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Why I Deserve This Scholarship Essay Samples

Why I Deserve This Scholarship Essay SamplesIf you have decided to pursue higher education as a part of your future, you need to find out whether you really are deserving of such scholarships. It may sound simple, but there are plenty of reasons why you are considered to be lucky to have gotten that college scholarship. The best way to find out if you are truly deserving is to look at the examples of other people who got it. Some other things you need to do is to spend some time and read through the scholarship essay samples.The better understanding you have of yourself and your capabilities will give you a good chance to find out if you are a worthy candidate for any of these scholarships. There are many essays that you can use in your application but not all of them have been developed by professors. That's why you need to do some research into the essay samples available.Aside from reviewing and analyzing your essay, you can also make a note of your education requirements. Most of the time, scholarship seekers do not bother much about their education and only care about their interests. However, many people become very self-centered because they tend to think that they are very smart when in fact they just happen to be lucky.The main reason that you should have a good chance to get that scholarship is that you are already capable of doing it. If you only have to do well in school and yet you are still not considered worthy, you don't have to worry because there are still many other programs that you can get. Scholarship programs are very different from individual scholarships because the latter are open to all students regardless of the financial status of their families.On the other hand, there are some programs that can only be applied to college students. These programs usually require students to have a particular level of education in their current field. For example, if you are going to be pursuing a PhD in astronomy, then you cannot get a scholarship for an English degree program because you have already graduated from a college or university with an English degree.This is why you need to focus on your potential in order to acquire that scholarship. If you plan to go to a top university, then you can consider studying at a lower school, a community college or even a vocational school.As for the essay you write, you should write like you know you are capable of writing. There are a lot of subjects that you should include in your essay. You need to include your goals, your dreams, your personal experiences, your experience in school and many more.

Free Essays on The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores

Delegation Paper 2 The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores In order to understand how the managers at Fry’s delegate their authorities to the subordinate employees we must first grasp the definition of delegation. â€Å"Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to a subordinate at a lower level. It requires that the subordinate report back to his or her boss in regard to how effectively the assignment was carried out,†(Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). We now understand that managers must give a job to a subordinate, but we must now focus on the Span of Control within Fry’s Food and Drug at store level as shown in figure one. Figure One Span of Control within Fry’s at store level Delegation Paper 3 The span of control at Fry’s Food and Drug at store level starts with the Store Manger. The Store Manager is the controlling function within Fry’s Food and Drug’s organization. They monitor weekly and monthly progress and loss reports in order to implement necessary changes. The Store Manager delegates all necessary changes to the Assistant Store Manager. The Assistant Store Manger has many important roles within the organization. They act as the organizer, the planner and the leader. This is an important job, because they will build organizations that are flexible and adaptive, particularly in response to competitive threats and customer needs (Bateman and Snell, 2003). The Assistant Store manger must delegate authorities to subordinate managers to ensure that he does not get overwhelmed with responsibility. â€Å"Responsibility means that a person is assigned a task that he or she is supposed to carry out, (Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). The lower level mana gers, General Merchandise Manager, Deli Manager, Front End Manager, Grocery Manager, and the Over Night Manger all take on the responsibilities given by the Assistant Manger. They each will become delegaters within their o... Free Essays on The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores Free Essays on The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores Delegation Paper 2 The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores In order to understand how the managers at Fry’s delegate their authorities to the subordinate employees we must first grasp the definition of delegation. â€Å"Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to a subordinate at a lower level. It requires that the subordinate report back to his or her boss in regard to how effectively the assignment was carried out,†(Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). We now understand that managers must give a job to a subordinate, but we must now focus on the Span of Control within Fry’s Food and Drug at store level as shown in figure one. Figure One Span of Control within Fry’s at store level Delegation Paper 3 The span of control at Fry’s Food and Drug at store level starts with the Store Manger. The Store Manager is the controlling function within Fry’s Food and Drug’s organization. They monitor weekly and monthly progress and loss reports in order to implement necessary changes. The Store Manager delegates all necessary changes to the Assistant Store Manager. The Assistant Store Manger has many important roles within the organization. They act as the organizer, the planner and the leader. This is an important job, because they will build organizations that are flexible and adaptive, particularly in response to competitive threats and customer needs (Bateman and Snell, 2003). The Assistant Store manger must delegate authorities to subordinate managers to ensure that he does not get overwhelmed with responsibility. â€Å"Responsibility means that a person is assigned a task that he or she is supposed to carry out, (Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). The lower level mana gers, General Merchandise Manager, Deli Manager, Front End Manager, Grocery Manager, and the Over Night Manger all take on the responsibilities given by the Assistant Manger. They each will become delegaters within their o...

How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt

How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt Rock salt or halite is a mineral the contains sodium chloride (table salt) as well as other minerals and impurities. You can remove most of these contaminants using two simple purification techniques: filtration and evaporation. Materials Rock saltWaterSpatulaFilter paperFunnelEvaporating dishBeaker  or graduated cylinderTripodBunsen burner Filtration If the rock salt is one large chunk, grind it into a powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.Add 30-50 milliliters of water to 6 heaping spatula scoops of rock salt.Stir to dissolve the salt.Place the filter paper in the mouth of the funnel.Place the evaporating dish under the funnel to collect the liquid.Slowly pour the rock salt solution into the funnel. Make sure you dont over-fill the funnel. You dont want the liquid to flow around the top of the filter paper because then it isnt getting filtered.Save the liquid (filtrate) that comes through the filter. Many of the mineral contaminants did not dissolve in the water and were left behind on the filter paper. Evaporation Place the evaporating dish containing the filtrate on the tripod.Position the Bunsen burner under the tripod.Slowly and carefully heat the evaporating dish. If you apply too much heat, you could break the dish.Gently heat the filtrate until all the water is gone. Its okay if the salt crystals hiss and move a little.Turn off the burner and collect your salt. Although some impurities remain in the materials, many of them were removed simply by using the difference in solubility in water, mechanical filtration, and by applying heat to drive off volatile compounds. Crystallization If you want to further purify the salt, you can dissolve your product in hot water and crystallize the sodium chloride from it.